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Trade Wars Are Class Wars


Synopsis


Winner of the 2021 Lionel Gelber Prize: A provocative look at how today's trade conflicts are caused by governments promoting the interests of elites at the expense of workers

"The authors weave a complex tapestry of monetary, fiscal and social policies through history and offer opinions about what went right and what went wrong . . . Worth reading for their insights into the history of trade and finance."-George Melloan, Wall Street Journal

"This is a very important book."-Martin Wolf, Financial Times

Trade disputes are usually understood as conflicts between countries with competing national interests, but as Matthew C. Klein and Michael Pettis show, they are often the unexpected result of domestic political choices to serve the interests of the rich at the expense of workers and ordinary retirees. Klein and Pettis trace the origins of today's trade wars to decisions made by politicians and business leaders in China, Europe, and the United States over the past thirty years. Across the world, the rich have prospered while workers can no longer afford to buy what they produce, have lost their jobs, or have been forced into higher levels of debt. In this thought‑provoking challenge to mainstream views, the authors provide a cohesive narrative that shows how the class wars of rising inequality are a threat to the global economy and international peace-and what we can do about it.

Longlisted for the 2020 Financial Times & McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award and named a Best Business Book of 2020 by Strategy + Business

Matthew C. Klein, Michael Pettis

Summary

Chapter 1: The New Class War

Summary:
The chapter argues that the traditional working class is being decimated by globalization and technological advances, leading to a new class war between the "haves" and "have-nots." Real example: Amazon's automation of its warehouses, which has led to job losses and wage stagnation for warehouse workers.

Chapter 2: The Rise of the Oligarchy

Summary:
The chapter examines how the wealthy and powerful have gained immense influence over the political and economic system, creating an oligarchy that controls the distribution of resources. Real example: The Koch brothers' funding of conservative causes and politicians, which has enabled them to shape public policy to benefit their business interests.

Chapter 3: The Corporate State

Summary:
The chapter argues that corporations have become so powerful that they have effectively captured the state, using its power to advance their own interests and suppress dissent. Real example: The pharmaceutical industry's lobbying efforts to prevent the government from regulating drug prices, leading to inflated healthcare costs for consumers.

Chapter 4: The Death of Democracy

Summary:
The chapter discusses how the oligarchy's control over the political and economic system has undermined democracy, as the interests of ordinary citizens are no longer represented. Real example: The electoral college, which disproportionately favors rural states and Republican candidates, giving them a significant advantage in presidential elections.

Chapter 5: The Global Trade War

Summary:
The chapter analyzes how the oligarchy has used trade agreements to promote its own interests, leading to a global trade war that has exacerbated poverty and inequality. Real example: The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which led to a decline in manufacturing jobs in the United States and increased corporate profits.

Chapter 6: The War on the Poor

Summary:
The chapter examines how the oligarchy has used austerity measures and social programs to attack the poor, further deepening inequality. Real example: The United States' Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program, which imposes strict time limits and work requirements on recipients, making it difficult for them to maintain stability.

Chapter 7: The Fightback

Summary:
The chapter argues that the only way to resist the oligarchy's class war is through collective resistance and the building of a mass movement for social and economic justice. Real example: The Fight for 15 movement, which has successfully campaigned for a $15 minimum wage in several cities and states.

Conclusion

The book concludes by reiterating the urgent need for a class war against the oligarchy, emphasizing the importance of solidarity, grassroots organizing, and the creation of a democratic, egalitarian society.