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Skill Sharpeners: Critical Thinking, Grade 4 Workbook


Synopsis


Evan-Moor Corporation

Summary

Chapter 1: Understanding Cause and Effect

* Definition: Cause and effect is the relationship between an action and its consequence.
* Real Example: If you don't practice for your test (cause), you won't do well (effect).

Chapter 2: Making Inferences

* Definition: An inference is a conclusion drawn from evidence or information.
* Real Example: If you see someone reading a book about astronomy, you can infer that they're interested in space.

Chapter 3: Identifying Fact and Opinion

* Definition: A fact is something that can be proven true, while an opinion is a personal belief.
* Real Example: "The sun is a star" (fact) vs. "The sun is the most beautiful star" (opinion).

Chapter 4: Analyzing Arguments

* Definition: An argument is a set of reasons given to support a claim.
* Real Example:
* Claim: All dogs should be allowed in parks.
* Reason 1: They provide companionship and exercise for people.
* Reason 2: They help keep parks safe from crime.

Chapter 5: Evaluating Information

* Definition: Evaluating information involves analyzing its accuracy, reliability, and bias.
* Real Example:
* Checking the author's credentials
* Considering other sources
* Identifying any potential conflicts of interest

Chapter 6: Making Connections

* Definition: Making connections involves identifying similarities and differences between ideas and experiences.
* Real Example:
* Comparing two different cultures
* Relating a historical event to current events
* Seeing the connection between a scientific concept and a real-world application

Chapter 7: Solving Problems

* Definition: Problem-solving involves identifying a problem, generating solutions, and choosing the best one.
* Real Example:
* Problem: How to get to the library from home
* Solution 1: Walk
* Solution 2: Bike
* Solution 3: Take the bus
* Best Solution: Bike because it's faster and more convenient

Chapter 8: Making Decisions

* Definition: Decision-making involves considering the pros and cons of different options and choosing the best one.
* Real Example:
* Decision: Which movie to watch
* Option 1: The Superhero Blockbuster
* Option 2: The Romantic Comedy
* Best Option: The Romantic Comedy because it's a better fit for the mood of the night