Examination of the Newborn and Neonatal Health

Synopsis

• An essential guide to this most important of examinations
• The first book to assist in the recognition of the psychosocial and emotional elements of physical disability that may impact on the family
• Provides a multi-professional perspective, with contributors from specialists in their fields
• Each chapter addresses the subject from a holistic perspective that includes ethical, legal and psychosocial aspects as well as the physical

Summary

Chapter 1: Examination of the Newborn

Summary:
This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the examination of the newborn, covering the initial assessment, head-to-toe examination, and special procedures. It emphasizes the importance of proper technique, thorough observation, and accurate documentation.

Real Example:
During the initial assessment, a nurse notices that a neonate has a bluish tint to their skin, which may indicate cyanosis. This observation prompts a more detailed examination of the respiratory system to identify any underlying problems.

Chapter 2: Head and Neck

Summary:
This chapter focuses on the examination of the head and neck, including the skull, fontanelles, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and neck. It describes common newborn findings and discusses techniques for assessing head circumference, palpation of the fontanelles, and evaluation of the facial features.

Real Example:
A nurse examines the head of a neonate and finds a large, bulging fontanelle. This observation raises concerns about increased intracranial pressure and leads to further assessment and possible intervention.

Chapter 3: Chest and Lungs

Summary:
This chapter covers the examination of the chest and lungs, including inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. It provides guidance on assessing breath sounds, identifying common respiratory anomalies, and managing respiratory distress.

Real Example:
A nurse auscultates the chest of a neonate and hears crackles, which may indicate pulmonary edema. The nurse notifies the physician immediately to initiate appropriate treatment.

Chapter 4: Cardiovascular System

Summary:
This chapter focuses on the examination of the cardiovascular system, including the heart and peripheral pulses. It describes techniques for auscultating heart sounds, assessing pulse strength and rhythm, and identifying common cardiovascular malformations.

Real Example:
During a cardiovascular exam, a nurse detects a murmur, which could indicate a heart defect. The nurse refers the neonate to a pediatric cardiologist for further evaluation and management.

Chapter 5: Abdomen and Genitalia

Summary:
This chapter covers the examination of the abdomen and genitalia, including inspection, palpation, and percussion of the abdomen, as well as examination of the external genitalia. It discusses common findings and provides guidance on assessing abdominal distension, palpating the liver and spleen, and identifying any genital abnormalities.

Real Example:
A nurse examines the abdomen of a neonate and palpates a soft, doughy mass. This observation may be consistent with an omphalocele, a birth defect involving the protrusion of abdominal organs through a defect in the abdominal wall.

Chapter 6: Musculoskeletal System and Neurological Exam

Summary:
This chapter focuses on the examination of the musculoskeletal system and neurological status of the neonate. It describes techniques for assessing joint mobility, muscle tone, and reflexes, as well as performing a neurological exam to evaluate cranial nerves, motor function, and sensory perception.

Real Example:
A nurse observes that a neonate has a weak grasp reflex. This observation may indicate a neurological deficit and warrants further evaluation and intervention.