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The Winter's Tale


Synopsis


The Winter's Tale is Shakespeare's most perfectly realized tragi- comedy, as notable for its tragic intensity as for its comic grace and, throughout, for the richness and complexity of its poetry. It concludes, moreover, with the most daring and moving reconciliation scene in all Shakespeare's plays. Though the title may suggest an escapist fantasy, recent criticism has seen in the play a profoundly realist psychology and a powerful commentary on the violence implicit in family relationships and deep, longlasting friendships. Stephen Orgel's edition considers the play in relation to Renaissance conceptions of both dramatic genre and the family, traces the changing critical and theatrical attitudes towards it, and places its psychological and dramatic conflicts within the Jacobean cultural and political context. The commentary pays special attention to the play's linguistic complexity, and the edition also includes a complete reprint of Shakespeare's source, Pandosto, by Robert Greene. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.

William Shakespeare, Stephen Orgel

Summary



Chapter One: King Leontes of Sicilia is introduced, along with his childhood friend King Polixenes of Bohemia. Polixenes has been visiting Leontes in Sicilia for nine months, and is about to return home. Leontes urges him to stay longer, but Polixenes declines and begins to make preparations for his departure. Leontes sends his pregnant wife, Queen Hermione, to convince Polixenes to stay, but she is unsuccessful.

Example: This chapter sets the stage for the main conflict of the story – the jealousy and suspicions of King Leontes. Leontes is so convinced that Polixenes and Hermione are having an affair that he ignores her attempts to convince him otherwise, causing tension and mistrust between the two of them. This is similar to real-life situations where baseless jealousy can damage relationships and lead to misunderstandings.

Chapter Two: Leontes' distrust and jealousy escalate as he becomes increasingly convinced of Hermione's infidelity. He confides in his trusted advisor, Camillo, and asks him to poison Polixenes. Camillo refuses and instead helps Polixenes escape to Bohemia. Leontes then orders his guards to arrest Hermione on charges of adultery and treason.

Example: In this chapter, we see the dangerous consequences of blind jealousy. Leontes' actions not only threaten the lives of innocent people, but also lead to the destruction of his own family and kingdom. This is reminiscent of real-life situations where jealousy can lead to irrational and harmful behavior, ultimately causing harm to oneself and others involved.

Chapter Three: Meanwhile, in Bohemia, Polixenes is in hiding and his son, Florizel, has fallen in love with a shepherd's daughter named Perdita. Polixenes discovers their relationship and is angered by it, as Perdita is of a lower social class. The two of them plan to run away together to Sicilia.

Example: In this chapter, we see the contrast between the events unfolding in Bohemia and Sicilia. While Sicilia is consumed by jealousy and betrayal, Bohemia represents a place of innocence and love. This reflects the idea that love knows no boundaries, even ones imposed by societal norms.

Chapter Four: In Sicilia, Hermione is put on trial for adultery and is imprisoned. She gives birth to a daughter, but Leontes refuses to acknowledge the child as his own, and orders for it to be abandoned in the wilderness. He also publicly accuses Hermione of plotting to kill him. Leontes' trusted counselor, Paulina, tries to convince him to see reason, but he refuses.

Example: This chapter highlights the irrational and unjust nature of Leontes' jealousy. Despite evidence to the contrary, he remains convinced of Hermione's guilt and is willing to take extreme measures to punish her. This is similar to real-life situations where false accusations and stubbornness can lead to irreversible damage and harm.

Chapter Five: In Bohemia, Perdita's adoptive father, a shepherd, reveals the truth about her royal heritage. Florizel and Perdita travel to Sicilia, where they are welcomed by Leontes. Perdita's existence also serves to prove Hermione's innocence. However, Leontes is still unable to fully acknowledge his wrongdoing and blames his paranoia on the gods.

Example: This chapter shows the eventual resolution of the conflict created by Leontes' jealousy. With the return of Perdita and the revelation of the truth, Leontes is forced to confront his own actions and the consequences they have brought upon his family. This reflects the real-life concept of facing the consequences of one's actions and finding redemption and forgiveness.

Chapter Six: The reunion of the lost family brings joy and celebration to Sicilia. Leontes realizes his love for Hermione and apologizes to her. The couple is also reunited with their son, who was believed to be dead after he was abandoned in the wilderness. Polixenes also arrives to reconcile with Leontes. The play ends with the marriages of Florizel and Perdita, and Leontes and Hermione reaffirming their love for each other.

Example: In the final chapter, we see the power of love and forgiveness to overcome even the most destructive emotions. The characters are able to move past their pain and reconcile, bringing a happy ending to a story that was initially filled with jealousy and betrayal. This reflects the real-life concept of healing and moving forward from past mistakes and grudges.