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The Merchant of Venice


Synopsis


What was Shakespeare's attitude to Semitism? The Introduction to this edition of The Merchant of Venice opens by addressing this vital issue raised by the play, and goes on to study the sources, background, and date, includuing a discussion of Sigmund Freud's essay on 'The Three Caskets'. Professor Halio interprets the play's contradictions, inconsistencies, and complementarities, especially as these relate to the overarching theme of bonds and bondage. A survey of the play's stage history ranges from discussions of its early staging to important twentieth-century productions and performances outside England, particularly in Israel. The text, based on a fresh examination of the early editions, is presented in modernized spelling and punctuation. Unfailingly lucid and helpful, this is an ideal edition for students, actors, and the general reader. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.

William Shakespeare, Jay L. Halio

Summary

Chapter 1

* Summary: Introduces the characters of Antonio, Bassanio, and Portia. Antonio is a wealthy merchant, Bassanio is a young man in need of money, and Portia is a wealthy heiress. Bassanio asks Antonio for a loan to woo Portia, and Antonio agrees.
* Real Example: "In Belmont is a lady richly left, / And she is fair, and, fairer than that word, / Of wondrous virtues." (Act 1, Scene 1, lines 161-163)

Chapter 2

* Summary: Bassanio sails to Belmont to woo Portia. Portia has three suitors: a Prince of Morocco, a Prince of Aragon, and Bassanio. Each suitor must choose one of three caskets (gold, silver, or lead) to win Portia's hand.
* Real Example: "All that glitters is not gold; / Often have you heard that told." (Act 2, Scene 7, lines 62-63)

Chapter 3

* Summary: Bassanio chooses the lead casket, which contains Portia's portrait. He wins Portia's hand. Meanwhile, Antonio's ships are delayed, and he defaults on his loan to the Jewish moneylender, Shylock. Shylock demands a pound of Antonio's flesh as payment.
* Real Example: "If you prick us, do we not bleed? / If you tickle us, do we not laugh? / If you poison us, do we not die?" (Act 3, Scene 1, lines 65-67)

Chapter 4

* Summary: Portia disguises herself as a lawyer, Balthazar, and travels to Venice to defend Antonio. She argues that Shylock cannot cut Antonio's flesh without shedding blood, which would violate the terms of their contract. The Duke of Venice orders Shylock to give up his claim or face execution.
* Real Example: "The quality of mercy is not strain'd, / It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven / Upon the place beneath." (Act 4, Scene 1, lines 184-186)

Chapter 5

* Summary: The disguised Portia unmasks herself and confronts Shylock. She reveals that Bassanio has paid Shylock's debt and that Shylock has lost his case. Shylock is ordered to convert to Christianity and give half of his wealth to Antonio and half to Jessica, his daughter who has run away with Lorenzo.
* Real Example: "But mercy is above this sceptred sway; / It is enthroned in the hearts of kings, / It is an attribute to God himself." (Act 4, Scene 1, lines 204-206)