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The Master and His Emissary


Synopsis


A pioneering exploration of the differences between the brain's right and left hemispheres and their effects on society, history, and culture-"one of the few contemporary works deserving classic status" (Nicholas Shakespeare, Times, UK)
 
"Persuasively argues that our society is suffering from the consequences of an over-dominant left hemisphere losing touch with its natural regulative 'master' the right. Brilliant and disturbing."-Salley Vickers, a Guardian Best Book of the Year
 
"I know of no better exposition of the current state of functional brain neuroscience."-W. F. Bynum, Times Literary Supplement
 
Why is the brain divided? The difference between right and left hemispheres has been puzzled over for centuries. Drawing upon a vast body of brain research, the renowned psychiatrist, author, and thinker Iain McGilchrist reveals that the difference between the two sides is profound-two whole, coherent, but incompatible ways of experiencing the world. The detail-oriented left hemisphere prefers mechanisms to living things and is inclined to self-interest, while the right hemisphere has greater breadth, flexibility, and generosity.
 
In the second part of his book, McGilchrist takes the reader on a journey through the history of Western culture, illustrating the tension between these two worlds as revealed in the thought and belief of thinkers and artists from the ancient to the modern, from Aeschylus to Magritte. He ultimately argues that, despite its inferior grasp of reality, the left hemisphere is increasingly taking precedence in today's world-with potentially disastrous consequences.

Summary

Chapter 1: The Two Brains

* Introduces the concept of the "left brain" and "right brain" hemispheres, each with distinct functions and modes of perception.
* Example: The left brain focuses on logical, analytical thinking and language, while the right brain handles holistic, intuitive processing and emotions.

Chapter 2: The Hemispheric Divide

* Explores the structural and functional differences between the left and right brains, including the corpus callosum that connects them.
* Example: The left hemisphere is specialized for processing sequential information, such as reading, while the right hemisphere excels in spatial reasoning and recognizing faces.

Chapter 3: The Master and the Emissary

* Introduces the metaphorical characters of "The Master" (left brain) and "The Emissary" (right brain).
* Example: The Master is the rational, logical controller, while the Emissary is the intuitive, emotional communicator.

Chapter 4: The Two Cultures

* Discusses the cultural differences between "left-brain" and "right-brain" individuals.
* Example: Left-brainers tend to be more systematic and analytical, valuing efficiency and objectivity. Right-brainers, on the other hand, are often more artistic and imaginative, valuing creativity and subjectivity.

Chapter 5: The Myth of the Lone Wolf

* Argues that both hemispheres are necessary for optimal brain function and well-being.
* Example: Studies have shown that people who can effectively integrate left- and right-brain thinking perform better in problem-solving and decision-making tasks.

Chapter 6: The Neuropsychology of Autism and Schizophrenia

* Explores the role of brain asymmetry in neurodevelopmental disorders.
* Example: In autism, there may be an imbalance between the left and right hemispheres, with an increased dominance of the right hemisphere. In schizophrenia, there may be a dysfunction in the corpus callosum, disrupting communication between the two hemispheres.

Chapter 7: The Evolution of the Hemispheres

* Traces the evolutionary history of the brain, explaining how the left and right hemispheres evolved to perform specialized functions.
* Example: The development of language in humans is linked to the expansion of the left hemisphere, while the right hemisphere's role in spatial processing evolved as a survival mechanism.

Chapter 8: The Future of the Hemispheres

* Speculates on the potential implications of brain asymmetry for future research and advancements.
* Example: The author suggests that understanding brain asymmetry may help us develop more effective educational and therapeutic interventions, as well as enhance our understanding of human consciousness and creativity.