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The Language of Inquiry


Synopsis


Lyn Hejinian is among the most prominent of contemporary American poets. Her autobiographical poem My Life, a best-selling book of innovative American poetry, has garnered accolades and fans inside and outside academia. The Language of Inquiry is a comprehensive and wonderfully readable collection of her essays, and its publication promises to be an important event for American literary culture. Here, Hejinian brings together twenty essays written over a span of almost twenty-five years. Like many of the Language Poets with whom she has been associated since the mid-1970s, Hejinian turns to language as a social space, a site of both philosophical inquiry and political address.

Central to these essays are the themes of time and knowledge, consciousness and perception. Hejinian's interests cover a range of texts and figures. Prominent among them are Sir Francis Bacon and Enlightenment-era explorers; Faust and Sheherazade; Viktor Shklovsky and Russian formalism; William James, Hannah Arendt, and Martin Heidegger. But perhaps the most important literary presence in the essays is Gertrude Stein; the volume includes Hejinian's influential "Two Stein Talks," as well as two more recent essays on Stein's writings.

Summary

Chapter 1: The Importance of Asking Questions

* Emphasizes the value of inquiry and critical thinking.
* Example: A scientist wonders why a particular plant species only grows in certain environments.

Chapter 2: Types of Questions

* Classifies questions into different types, such as open-ended, closed-ended, and evaluative.
* Example: An educator asks students an open-ended question like "What factors contribute to student motivation?"

Chapter 3: Asking Effective Questions

* Provides guidelines for formulating clear and specific questions.
* Example: A researcher asks the question "How does the variable X relate to the variable Y?" using precise definitions and operationalization.

Chapter 4: Evaluating Questions

* Explores criteria for assessing the quality of questions.
* Example: A quality question is feasible, relevant, and has the potential to generate meaningful knowledge.

Chapter 5: The Language of Questions

* Focuses on the language used in questions, including syntax, grammar, and vocabulary.
* Example: A precise question might use the form "To what extent does factor X influence factor Y?"

Chapter 6: Questioning and Critical Thinking

* Outlines the relationship between questioning and critical thinking.
* Example: Critical thinkers actively ask questions to challenge assumptions, identify biases, and seek deeper understanding.

Chapter 7: Questioning in Different Disciplines

* Examines how questioning is used in various disciplines, such as science, history, and psychology.
* Example: Scientists often use the "why" question to explain phenomena, while historians may ask "who, what, when, where, and why" questions to reconstruct past events.

Chapter 8: Questioning and Teaching

* Highlights the importance of questioning in educational settings.
* Example: Effective teachers use questioning to engage students, stimulate discussion, and promote comprehension.

Chapter 9: Questioning and Learning

* Discusses the role of questions in the learning process.
* Example: Active learning can be facilitated by asking students to answer questions, reflect on their own understanding, and connect new knowledge to prior knowledge.

Chapter 10: Questioning and Problem-Solving

* Examines how questions can be used to approach and solve problems.
* Example: A problem-solver might ask "What is the root cause of this issue?" or "What are potential solutions and their implications?"