The Drama of Social Life

Synopsis

In this book Jeffrey Alexander develops the view that cultural sociology and "cultural pragmatics" are vital for understanding the structural turbulence and political possibilities of contemporary social life.

Central to Alexander's approach is a new model of social performance that combines elements from both the theatrical avant-garde and modern social theory. He uses this model to shed new light on a wide range of social actors, movements, and events, demonstrating through striking empirical examples the drama of social life. Producing successful dramas determines the outcome of social movements and provides the keys to political power. Modernity has neither eliminated aura nor suppressed authenticity; on the contrary, they are available to social actors who can perform them in compelling ways.

This volume further consolidates Alexander's reputation as one of the most original social thinkers of our time. It will be of great interest to students and scholars in sociology and cultural studies as well as throughout the social sciences and humanities.

Summary

Chapter 1: The Framework of Dramatic Interaction

This chapter outlines the basic concepts of dramaturgical analysis, including the idea that social life is a form of theater or drama. It presents the key concepts of "front" (the impression we present to others) and "back" (the private, backstage behavior) and emphasizes the importance of role-playing and impression management in social interactions.

Example:
In a job interview, a candidate carefully crafts their "front" to present themselves as confident, qualified, and professional. However, after the interview, they may relax and behave more informally in the privacy of their own home, revealing their "back" behavior.

Chapter 2: Ideals and Action

This chapter examines the role of norms and values in shaping our behavior. It argues that we are not simply responding to others' expectations but also actively creating and negotiating our identities through our actions.

Example:
A doctor makes a decision to work overtime to save a patient's life, even though it means sacrificing time with their family. This action reflects the doctor's values of compassion and dedication.

Chapter 3: Communication

This chapter discusses the importance of communication in social interactions. It focuses on the role of language, body language, and other nonverbal cues in conveying messages and shaping our relationships with others.

Example:
In a conversation, a person may use subtle body language, such as fidgeting or avoiding eye contact, to indicate discomfort or anxiety. This nonverbal communication can convey a different message from their words.

Chapter 4: Practical Action

This chapter examines the ways in which we use practical actions to achieve our goals and manage our relationships with others. It emphasizes the importance of cooperation, negotiation, and the use of resources.

Example:
A group of friends plan a weekend trip. They negotiate over the destination, activities, and budget, and divide up responsibilities to ensure the trip runs smoothly.

Chapter 5: The Dramaturgical Perspective

This chapter provides a summary of the dramaturgical perspective on social life. It highlights the key themes of impression management, role-playing, and the importance of managing our "face" in interactions with others.

Example:
In a sales meeting, a salesperson carefully tailors their presentation to the needs and interests of their clients, adopting a professional and confident "front." They aim to maintain their "face" by avoiding mistakes or appearing unprofessional.

Chapter 6: Ritual

This chapter explores the role of ritual in social life. It examines the symbolic and social functions of rituals, such as weddings, funerals, and religious ceremonies.

Example:
A wedding ceremony is a ritual that symbolizes the union of two individuals and serves to reinforce social norms and values.

Chapter 7: Language

This chapter discusses the relationship between language and social interaction. It examines the ways in which language shapes our perceptions of reality, our relationships with others, and our identities.

Example:
The use of labels, such as "disabled" or "criminal," can have a significant impact on how we perceive and treat individuals.