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The Correspondence of Walter Benjamin, 1910-1940


Synopsis


Called “the most important critic of his time” by Hannah Arendt, Walter Benjamin has only become more influential over the years, as his work has assumed a crucial place in current debates over the interactions of art, culture, and meaning. A “natural and extraordinary talent for letter writing was one of the most captivating facets of his nature,” writes Gershom Scholem in his Foreword to this volume; and Benjamin's correspondence reveals the evolution of some of his most powerful ideas, while also offering an intimate picture of Benjamin himself and the times in which he lived.
Writing at length to Scholem and Theodor Adorno, and exchanging letters with Rainer Maria Rilke, Hannah Arendt, Max Brod, and Bertolt Brecht, Benjamin elaborates on his ideas about metaphor and language. He reflects on literary figures from Kafka to Karl Kraus, and expounds his personal attitudes toward such subjects as Marxism and French national character. Providing an indispensable tool for any scholar wrestling with Benjamin's work, The Correspondence of Walter Benjamin, 1910–1940 is a revelatory look at the man behind much of the twentieth century's most significant criticism.

Walter Benjamin, Gershom Scholem, Theodor W. Adorno

Summary

Chapter 1: Youth and Early Search, 1910-1918

* Benjamin's early letters reveal his intellectual development and artistic aspirations.
* He corresponds with friends, mentors, and critics, discussing philosophy, literature, and the nature of art.
* Example: A letter to Hugo Ball, expressing Benjamin's interest in Symbolism and the avant-garde.

Chapter 2: Studies and First Publications, 1918-1924

* Benjamin's focus shifts to academic studies and writing.
* He corresponds with scholars and fellow writers, exchanging ideas on aesthetics, metaphysics, and literary theory.
* Example: A letter to Theodor Adorno, discussing the concept of "aura" and the decline of the avant-garde.

Chapter 3: The Open Letter, 1924-1929

* Benjamin establishes his reputation as a literary critic and public intellectual.
* He writes open letters to newspapers and journals, engaging in debates and commenting on contemporary events.
* Example: An open letter to Bertolt Brecht, criticizing the politicization of art.

Chapter 4: The Frankfurt Institute, 1929-1933

* Benjamin joins the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research, a renowned center for critical theory.
* He corresponds with fellow members of the Institute, including Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse, discussing Marxism, political economy, and cultural studies.
* Example: A letter to Horkheimer, proposing a study of the phenomenon of mass culture.

Chapter 5: Exile in Paris, 1933-1940

* With the rise of Nazism in Germany, Benjamin flees to Paris.
* He corresponds with friends, family, and fellow exiles, sharing his experiences and reflections on the political and cultural situation.
* Example: A letter to Gershom Scholem, discussing the impact of exile on his identity and work.

Chapter 6: Last Letters, 1940

* As the German army advances towards Paris, Benjamin faces danger and uncertainty.
* His letters reflect his despair and thoughts on suicide.
* Example: A letter to his mother, expressing his determination to protect his legacy by sending his manuscripts to safety.