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Pyongyang


Synopsis


Famously referred to as part of the 'Axis-of-Evil', North Korea remains one of the most secretive and mysterious nations in the world today. A series of manmade and natural catastrophes have also left it one of the poorest. When the fortress-like country recently opened the door a crack to foreign investment, cartoonist Guy Delisle found himself in its capital Pyongyang on a work visa for a French film animation company, becoming one of the few Westerners to witness current conditions in the surreal showcase city.

Armed with a smuggled radio and a copy of 1984, Delisle could only explore Pyongyang and its countryside while chaperoned by his translator and a guide. But among the statues, portraits and propaganda of leaders Kim Il-Sung and his son Kim Jong-Il - the world's only Communist dynasty - Delisle was able to observe more than was intended of the culture and lives of the few North Koreans he encountered.

His astute and wry musings on life in the austere and grim regime form the basis of this remarkable graphic novel. Pyongyang is an informative, personal and accessible look at an enigmatic country.

Summary

Chapter 1: Arrival in Pyongyang

* Summary: Blaine Harden arrives in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea. He describes the city as being both modern and oppressive, with grand buildings and monuments alongside propaganda slogans and ubiquitous surveillance cameras.
* Real example: "Pyongyang seemed both futuristic and strangely frozen in time. The wide boulevards, lined with towering apartment blocks, were eerily empty, and the only sound was the rhythmic thumping of army boots on the pavement."

Chapter 2: The Kim Family Dynasty

* Summary: Harden explores the history of the Kim family, which has ruled North Korea since its founding in 1948. He details the rise of Kim Il-sung, the first leader, and his successors, Kim Jong-il and Kim Jong-un.
* Real example: "Kim Il-sung, a former guerrilla fighter, emerged from the chaos of postwar Korea as the country's undisputed leader. He established a cult of personality around himself and his family, and his rule was marked by both economic progress and ruthless repression."

Chapter 3: The Juche Ideology

* Summary: Harden examines the North Korean ideology of Juche, which emphasizes self-reliance and independence. He discusses how Juche permeates all aspects of life in North Korea, from education to the arts.
* Real example: "Juche is the guiding philosophy of North Korea, and it has been used to justify everything from the country's isolationist policies to its nuclear weapons program. It teaches North Koreans that they must rely on themselves and not on outside assistance."

Chapter 4: Daily Life in Pyongyang

* Summary: Harden describes the daily lives of ordinary citizens in Pyongyang. He discusses the challenges they face, such as food shortages, lack of electricity, and limited access to information.
* Real example: "Life in Pyongyang is a constant struggle. People must queue for hours for food, they often have no electricity for days on end, and they are bombarded with propaganda on a daily basis."

Chapter 5: The Concentration Camps

* Summary: Harden investigates the network of concentration camps in North Korea, where hundreds of thousands of political prisoners are estimated to be held. He describes the horrific conditions in the camps, where inmates are subjected to torture, starvation, and forced labor.
* Real example: "The concentration camps in North Korea are a testament to the regime's brutality. Inmates are forced to work in mines, quarries, and logging camps, and they are often beaten, starved, and tortured."

Chapter 6: Escape from North Korea

* Summary: Harden tells the stories of North Koreans who have escaped to freedom in South Korea and beyond. He describes the perilous journeys they undertake and the challenges they face in adjusting to life in a free society.
* Real example: "Ji-Min Park, a former North Korean factory worker, escaped to South Korea in 2006. She describes the challenges she faced in adjusting to life in a free society, including learning a new language and finding a job."

Chapter 7: The Future of North Korea

* Summary: Harden considers the future of North Korea under Kim Jong-un's leadership. He discusses the possibility of economic reforms or political change and the challenges posed by the country's isolation and nuclear weapons program.
* Real example: "The future of North Korea is uncertain. Kim Jong-un has shown some signs of willingness to reform the economy, but it remains to be seen whether he will be able to overcome the resistance of hard-liners within the regime."

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