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Macbeth, William Shakespeare


Synopsis


This updated edition is designed to support students in study and revision for the new GCSE (9-1) English Literature exams.

A fully revised exam section: expert guidance on understanding the question, planning an answer, writing about effects and using quotations, plus tips on spelling, punctuation and grammar.

All the key skills covered: ‘Exam focus’ model answer extracts with annotations, and ‘Progress and Revision Checks’ will guide students’ learning, help them test their progress and reach their potential.

The most in-depth analysis: from text summaries to characters, themes, contexts, form, structure and language, all designed to help students reach their potential.

James Sale, Alison Powell

Summary

Chapter 1

* Macbeth and Banquo, Scottish generals, encounter three witches on a desolate moor.
* The witches prophesize that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor and King of Scotland, while Banquo's descendants will rule after him.
* Macbeth becomes ambitious, and his wife, Lady Macbeth, encourages him to murder King Duncan to fulfill the prophecy.

Real-life example: An ambitious businessman becomes obsessed with a promotion after his boss's positive feedback, even though he has to resort to unethical means to achieve it.

Chapter 2

* Macbeth and Lady Macbeth plot Duncan's murder.
* Macbeth hesitates but is eventually convinced by his wife's taunts.
* Duncan arrives at Macbeth's castle and is welcomed with hospitality.

Real-life example: A troubled teenager manipulates their friends into skipping school with them, even though they know it's wrong.

Chapter 3

* Macbeth murders Duncan in his sleep.
* He experiences intense guilt and hallucinations, seeing a bloody dagger and hearing a voice accusing him.
* Lady Macbeth tries to cover up Macbeth's crime.

Real-life example: A person who accidentally hurts someone feels overwhelming remorse and struggles to live with the consequences.

Chapter 4

* Malcolm and Donalbain, Duncan's sons, flee the castle, suspecting foul play.
* Macbeth is crowned King of Scotland.
* He becomes paranoid and orders the execution of anyone he perceives as a threat.

Real-life example: A politician who wins an election through questionable means becomes increasingly isolated and distrustful, fearing that their opponents will expose their wrongdoing.

Chapter 5

* The witches revisit Macbeth and give him further prophecies.
* Macbeth orders the murder of Banquo and his son, Fleance.
* Banquo is killed, but Fleance escapes.

Real-life example: A CEO who has eliminated all competition becomes paranoid about a new company that enters the market, seeing them as a threat to their empire.

Chapter 6

* Macbeth visits the witches again and receives ambiguous prophecies.
* He becomes increasingly tormented by guilt and suspicion.
* The Scottish nobles, including Malcolm and Macduff, gather an army to overthrow Macbeth.

Real-life example: A once-successful entrepreneur becomes delusional and self-destructive, unable to let go of their past mistakes.

Chapter 7

* Lady Macbeth descends into madness and sleepwalking, confessing her involvement in Duncan's murder.
* Malcolm and Macduff's army marches on Macbeth's castle.
* Macbeth confronts Macduff and realizes that the witches' prophecies have deceived him.

Real-life example: A person who has been hiding a secret for a long time finally breaks down and reveals the truth, even though it has devastating consequences.

Finale

* Macbeth is killed by Macduff.
* Malcolm is crowned King of Scotland.
* The kingdom is restored to peace and stability.
* Evil is punished, and justice prevails.

Real-life example: A corrupt government is overthrown in a peaceful revolution, and a new era of hope and progress begins.