Earth System Science

Synopsis

When humanity first glimpsed planet Earth from space, the unity of the system that supports humankind entered the popular consciousness. The concept of the Earth's atmosphere, biosphere, oceans, soil, and rocks operating as a closely interacting system has rapidly gained ground in science. This new field, involving geographers, geologists, biologists, oceanographers, and atmospheric physicists, is known as Earth System Science. In this Very Short Introduction, Tim Lenton considers how a world in which humans could evolve was created; how, as a species, we are now reshaping that world; and what a sustainable future for humanity within the Earth System might look like. Drawing on elements of geology, biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics, Lenton asks whether Earth System Science can help guide us onto a sustainable course before we alter the Earth system to the point where we destroy ourselves and our current civilisation. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Summary

Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth System Science

* Defines Earth system science as the study of the Earth as a complex, interconnected system.
* Emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to understanding Earth processes.
* Example: Examines the role of the atmosphere in regulating Earth's surface temperature and the impacts of human activities on atmospheric processes.

Chapter 2: The Atmosphere

* Explores the composition, structure, and dynamics of the atmosphere.
* Discusses the role of the atmosphere in regulating Earth's temperature, precipitation, and wind patterns.
* Example: Analyzes the impact of air pollution on human health and the effects of climate change on atmospheric circulation patterns.

Chapter 3: The Hydrosphere

* Examines the distribution and movement of water on Earth's surface and in the atmosphere.
* Discusses the role of water in shaping landscapes, regulating climate, and supporting life.
* Example: Investigates the impacts of human activities on water resources, such as pollution, dams, and climate change.

Chapter 4: The Geosphere

* Examines the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's solid Earth.
* Discusses the role of plate tectonics in shaping Earth's surface and influencing geological processes.
* Example: Analyzes the evolution of mountain belts, the formation of volcanoes, and the impacts of earthquakes on human societies.

Chapter 5: The Biosphere

* Examines the distribution, diversity, and interactions of life on Earth.
* Discusses the role of the biosphere in regulating Earth's climate, water cycle, and soil formation.
* Example: Investigates the impact of human activities on biodiversity, such as deforestation, pollution, and invasive species.

Chapter 6: The Cryosphere

* Examines the distribution, properties, and dynamics of frozen water on Earth.
* Discusses the role of the cryosphere in regulating Earth's climate and sea level.
* Example: Analyzes the impacts of climate change on glaciers, ice sheets, and permafrost, and the implications for global sea level rise.

Chapter 7: Earth System Interactions

* Explores the complex interactions among Earth's various components.
* Discusses how these interactions influence the Earth's climate, weather patterns, and ecosystems.
* Example: Investigates the role of the ocean in regulating atmospheric circulation and the impact of human activities on the interconnected Earth system.

Chapter 8: Earth System Modeling

* Examines the use of computer models to simulate and predict Earth system processes.
* Discusses the challenges and limitations of modeling and its importance for understanding the complex interactions within the Earth system.
* Example: Analyzes the use of climate models to predict future climate scenarios and their implications for society.

Chapter 9: Sustainability and the Future of Earth's System

* Explores the concept of sustainability and its application to managing Earth system resources.
* Discusses the challenges and opportunities of mitigating human impacts on the Earth system.
* Example: Investigates the potential of renewable energy sources, sustainable agriculture practices, and conservation measures to ensure the long-term health of the planet.