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Black Mountain Poems


Synopsis


Black Mountain College had an explosive influence on American poetry, music, art, craft, dance, and thought; it's hard to imagine any other institution that was so utopian, rebellious, and experimental. Founded with the mission of creating rounded, complete people by balancing the arts and manual labor within a democratic, nonhierarchical structure, Black Mountain was a crucible of revolutionary literature. Although this artistic haven only existed from 1933 to 1956, Black Mountain helped inspire some of the most radical and significant midcentury American poets.

This anthology begins with the well-known Black Mountain Poets-Charles Olson, Robert Creeley, Robert Duncan, and Denise Levertov-but also includes the artist Josef Albers and the musician John Cage, as well as the often overlooked women associated with the college, M. C. Richards and Hilda Morley.

 

Jonathan C. Creasy (editor)

Summary

Chapter 1: The Beginning

* Summary: Introduces the concept of the Black Mountain School of Poetry, a literary movement that emerged in the 1950s and emphasized experimentation, collaboration, and a focus on the process of creation rather than the finished product.
* Real Example: Charles Olson's "Maximus to Himself," a fragmented, exploratory poem that exemplifies the open-ended nature of Black Mountain poetry.

Chapter 2: The Poets

* Summary: Profiles the key figures of the Black Mountain School, including Robert Creeley, Denise Levertov, Ed Dorn, and John Weiners. Discusses their backgrounds, influences, and the unique contributions they made to the movement.
* Real Example: Robert Creeley's "The Whip," a short, epigrammatic poem that reveals his preoccupation with language and the power of brevity.

Chapter 3: The Process

* Summary: Explores the collaborative and improvisational methods used by Black Mountain poets. Discusses their use of literary magazines, open readings, and group workshops as spaces for experimentation and exchange.
* Real Example: The Black Mountain Review, an influential literary journal that published early work by many Black Mountain poets, featuring experimental writing and critical essays.

Chapter 4: The Experimentation

* Summary: Describes the various techniques and forms employed by Black Mountain poets in their quest for innovation. Discusses their use of collage, fragmentation, prose poetry, and performance art.
* Real Example: Ed Dorn's "Gunslinger," a book-length poem that weaves together fragments of history, autobiography, and myth, challenging conventional narrative structures.

Chapter 5: The Influence

* Summary: Explores the lasting impact of the Black Mountain School on American and international poetry. Discusses the influence of Black Mountain poets on later generations of writers and the continuing relevance of their ideas and practices.
* Real Example: The poetry of contemporary poets such as Anne Carson, Rae Armantrout, and Claudia Rankine, who draw inspiration from Black Mountain's experimental spirit and emphasis on process.

Chapter 6: The Legacy

* Summary: Assesses the significance of the Black Mountain School of Poetry as a catalyst for innovation and critical thinking in literature. Argues that its emphasis on experimentation, collaboration, and the exploration of the poetic process continues to inspire poets and readers alike.
* Real Example: The Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center in Asheville, North Carolina, which preserves and celebrates the legacy of the Black Mountain School and hosts exhibitions, readings, and performances that connect with the movement's experimental ethos.