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Beauty


Synopsis


Beauty can be consoling, disturbing, sacred, profane; it can be exhilarating, appealing, inspiring, chilling. It can affect us in an unlimited variety of ways. Yet it is never viewed with indifference. In this Very Short Introduction the renowned philosopher Roger Scruton explores the concept of beauty, asking what makes an object - either in art, in nature, or the human form - beautiful, and examining how we can compare differing judgements of beauty when it is evident all around us that our tastes vary so widely. Is there a right judgement to be made about beauty? Is it right to say there is more beauty in a classical temple than a concrete office block, more in a Rembrandt than in last year's Turner Prize winner? Forthright and thought-provoking, and as accessible as it is intellectually rigorous, this introduction to the philosophy of beauty draws conclusions that some may find controversial, but, as Scruton shows, help us to find greater sense of meaning in the beautiful objects that fill our lives. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Summary

Chapter 1: Basic Concepts and Perspectives

* Discusses the multifaceted nature of beauty and its subjective perception.
* Explores historical and cultural influences on beauty standards.
* Real example: The perception of female beauty in different cultures, ranging from curvy figures in Western cultures to slender figures in East Asian cultures.

Chapter 2: Physical Attractiveness

* Examines the biological and evolutionary basis of physical attractiveness.
* Analyzes facial symmetry, averageness, and other traits considered attractive.
* Real example: The "Golden Ratio" of facial proportions found in many renowned actresses and athletes, suggesting a biological preference for certain facial configurations.

Chapter 3: Beauty and Health

* Explores the link between physical beauty and health.
* Discusses how physical attractiveness can influence health behaviors, such as exercise and diet.
* Real example: Studies showing that physically attractive individuals are more likely to engage in healthy activities, such as regular exercise and a balanced diet.

Chapter 4: Beauty and Personality

* Investigates the correlation between beauty and personality traits.
* Analyzes how physical attractiveness can influence perceptions of warmth, trustworthiness, and intelligence.
* Real example: The "halo effect" bias, where individuals tend to perceive physically attractive people as more competent and reliable.

Chapter 5: Beauty and Self

* Examines the role of beauty in self-esteem and self-perception.
* Discusses how social comparisons and the media can influence body image and self-worth.
* Real example: The rise of social media platforms and the increased exposure to idealized images, leading to unrealistic beauty expectations and body dissatisfaction.

Chapter 6: Beauty and Culture

* Explores the diverse beauty standards across different cultures and societies.
* Analyzes how beauty ideals are shaped by social norms, religious beliefs, and economic factors.
* Real example: The significance of skin color and facial features as markers of beauty in African, Asian, and Western cultures.

Chapter 7: Beauty and Economics

* Discusses the economic value of beauty in the market.
* Examines the industries (e.g., cosmetics, fashion) that profit from the pursuit of beauty.
* Real example: The booming beauty industry, with global sales exceeding trillions of dollars annually.

Chapter 8: Beauty and Ethos

* Explores the ethical implications of the pursuit of beauty.
* Examines the potential for beauty to promote body positivity, equality, and diversity.
* Real example: The "Body Positive Movement" advocating for acceptance and appreciation of all body types.