A Philosophy for the Science of Well-Being

Synopsis

Well-being, happiness and quality of life are now established objects of social and medical research. Does this science produce knowledge that is properly about well-being? What sort of well-being? The definition and measurement of these objects rest on assumptions that are partly normative, partly empirical and partly pragmatic, producing a great diversity of definitions depending on the project and the discipline. This book, written from the perspective of philosophy of science, formulates principles for the responsible production and interpretation of this diverse knowledge. Traditionally, philosophers' goal has been a single concept of well-being and a single theory about what it consists in. But for science this goal is both unlikely and unnecessary. Instead the promise and authority of the science depends on it focusing on the well-being of specific kinds of people in specific contexts. Skeptical arguments notwithstanding, this contextual well-being can be measured in a valid and credible way - but only if scientists broaden their methods to make room for normative considerations and address publicly and inclusively the value-based conflicts that inevitably arise when a measure of well-being is adopted. The science of well-being can be normative, empirical and objective all at once, provided that we line up values to science and science to values.

Summary

Chapter 1: Introduction

* The book introduces the concept of the science of well-being and its importance for human flourishing.
* Real example: The World Health Organization's definition of well-being as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."

Chapter 2: The Dimensions of Well-Being

* The chapter identifies the different dimensions of well-being, including hedonic, eudaimonic, and social well-being.
* Real example: Hedonic well-being refers to subjective experiences of pleasure and happiness, while eudaimonic well-being involves living a meaningful and fulfilling life.

Chapter 3: The Philosophy of Well-Being

* This chapter explores the philosophical foundations of the science of well-being, drawing on ethics, psychology, and economics.
* Real example: The concept of utilitarianism argues that actions that promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people are morally right.

Chapter 4: The Measurement of Well-Being

* The chapter discusses the challenges and methods of measuring well-being, including subjective surveys and objective indicators.
* Real example: The Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index is a widely used tool for assessing subjective well-being at the population level.

Chapter 5: The Causes of Well-Being

* The chapter examines the factors that influence well-being, including genetics, personality, relationships, and socioeconomic conditions.
* Real example: Research has shown that social support and a sense of community can significantly enhance well-being.

Chapter 6: The Consequences of Well-Being

* The chapter explores the positive outcomes associated with well-being, such as improved health, productivity, and social engagement.
* Real example: Studies have found that happy people are more likely to be healthy, successful, and contribute to society.

Chapter 7: The Pursuit of Well-Being

* The chapter provides practical guidance on how to cultivate well-being in one's own life.
* Real example: Techniques such as mindfulness, gratitude, and social connection have been shown to enhance well-being.

Chapter 8: The Science of Well-Being as a Social Science

* The chapter highlights the importance of social and economic factors in promoting well-being and argues for the need for public policies that support well-being.
* Real example: Public policies that provide access to healthcare, education, and housing can contribute to the well-being of individuals and communities.

Chapter 9: Conclusion

* The book concludes with a reflection on the importance of the science of well-being for ethical decision-making, social progress, and human flourishing.
* Real example: The science of well-being can inform government policies, organizational practices, and individual choices to create a more equitable and fulfilling society.